Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Using Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/TiO₂ Nanocomposite-Modified Graphite Felt Electrodes
使用 Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/TiO₂ 奈米複合材料改質石墨氈 electrodes 以提升釩氧化還原流電池電化學效能之研究
📄 英文摘要
In this study, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) and TiO₂ nanocomposites uniformly were synthesized on the heat-treated graphite felt (HGF) through hydrothermal and heat treatment methods, denoted by LTO/TiO₂@HGF, which acts as effective electrocatalysts to enhance the electrochemical activity in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) systems. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the LTO/TiO₂@HGF show higher peak current densities and smaller peak separation than TiO₂@HGF, HGF, and pristine graphite felt (PGF) for catalyzing V²⁺/V³⁺ and VO₂⁺/VO²⁺, indicating superior electrochemical activity of LTO/TiO₂@HGF. The VRFB using LTO/TiO₂@HGF as the positive and negative electrodes demonstrates an energy efficiency of 82.89 % at 80 mA cm⁻². When the VRFB using LTO/TiO₂@HGF is applied at a high current density of 200 mA cm⁻², it still shows an energy efficiency of 62.22 %. However, the VRFB using PGF cannot perform any performance, and the VRFB using HGF only performs 51.94 %. This improvement can be attributed to the uniform distribution of LTO/TiO₂ nanowires on the surface of the graphite felt and the presence of oxygen vacancies on LTO/TiO₂, which increased the number of active sites for vanadium ion absorption.
📄 中文摘要
本研究透過水熱法與熱處理法,在熱處理石墨氈(HGF)上均勻合成 Li₄Ti₅O₁₂(LTO)與 TiO₂ 奈米複合材料(簡稱 LTO/TiO₂@HGF),作為有效電催化劑以提升釩氧化還原流電池(VRFB)系統的電化學活性。LTO/TiO₂@HGF 的循環伏安(CV)曲線在催化 V²⁺/V³⁺ 與 VO₂⁺/VO²⁺ 氧化還原對時,展現比 TiO₂@HGF、HGF 及原始石墨氈(PGF)更高的峰電流密度與更小的峰位差,顯示 LTO/TiO₂@HGF 具有優異的電化學活性。以 LTO/TiO₂@HGF 作為正負極的 VRFB 在 80 mA cm⁻² 電流密度下達到 82.89% 的能源效率。當 VRFB 在 200 mA cm⁻² 高電流密度下運行時,仍維持 62.22% 的能源效率。然而,使用 PGF 的 VRFB 無法正常運作,使用 HGF 的 VRFB 僅有 51.94%。此效能提升可歸因於 LTO/TiO₂ 奈米線均勻分布於石墨氈表面,以及 LTO/TiO₂ 上存在氧缺陷,增加了釩離子吸附的活性位點數量。
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